Hillary Rodham Clinton is an American politician, diplomat, lawyer, writer, and public speaker who served as the 67th United States Secretary of State from 2009 to 2013, and as United States Senator from New York from 2001 to 2009. She was the Democratic Party's nominee for President of the United States in the 2016 election, the first woman to be nominated by a major party. Clinton was born in Chicago, Illinois, and grew up in the Chicago suburb of Park Ridge. She attended Wellesley College, graduating in 1969, and earned a Juris Doctor from Yale Law School in 1973. After serving as a congressional legal counsel, she moved to Arkansas and married Bill Clinton in 1975. In 1977, she co-founded Arkansas Advocates for Children and Families. She was appointed the first female chair of the Legal Services Corporation in 1978 and became the first female partner at Rose Law Firm the following year. As First Lady of Arkansas, she led a task force whose recommendations helped reform Arkansas's public schools. As First Lady of the United States, Clinton advocated for healthcare reform. Her marital relationship came under public scrutiny during the Lewinsky scandal, which led her to issue a statement that reaffirmed her commitment to the marriage. In 2000, Clinton was elected as the first female senator from New York. She was reelected to the Senate in 2006. Running for president in 2008, she won far more delegates than any previous female candidate, but lost the Democratic nomination to Barack Obama. She helped to organize Obama's transition team and later became the United States Secretary of State in his administration. During her tenure, Clinton responded to the Arab Spring by advocating military intervention in Libya. She helped to organize a diplomatic isolation and a regime of international sanctions against Iran in an effort to force curtailment of that country's nuclear program. She advocated for a NATO no-fly zone in Syria. She also advocated for the U.S. military intervention in Iraq in response to gains made by the Islamic State in Iraq.